微控制器原理及應(yīng)用

第1章   計算機的數(shù)制及其轉(zhuǎn)換                 1
   1.1   計算機的數(shù)制及其轉(zhuǎn)換                 1
      1.1.1   數(shù)與數(shù)制                 2
      1.1.2   不同數(shù)制間的轉(zhuǎn)換                 5
   1.2   計算機中數(shù)與字符的編碼                 15
      1.2.1   數(shù)值數(shù)據(jù)的編碼及運算                 15
      1.2.2   非數(shù)值數(shù)據(jù)的二進制編碼                 32
   1.3   微型計算機的性能分析及分類                 34
      1.3.1   微型計算機的性能分析                 34
      1.3.2   微型計算機的分類                 37
   習(xí)題                 40
第2章   微型計算機結(jié)構(gòu)                 41
   2.1   微型計算機概念                 41
      2.1.1   微型計算機的歷史                 41
      2.1.2   計算機的基本模型                 42
   2.2   微型計算機的組成                 45
      2.2.1   微型計算機的硬件                 46
      2.2.2   微型計算機的軟件                 48
      2.2.3   微型計算機系統(tǒng)的主要技術(shù)指標(biāo)                 48
   2.3   微處理器的結(jié)構(gòu)及原理                 49
      2.3.1   中央處理器的發(fā)展過程                 49
      2.3.2   存儲系統(tǒng)                 56
      2.3.3   當(dāng)前微處理器所使用的先進技術(shù)                 61
   2.4   單片機概述                 63
      2.4.1   單片機基本概念                 63
      2.4.2   單片機的產(chǎn)生                 64
      2.4.3   單片機的應(yīng)用                 65
      2.4.4   單片機的發(fā)展趨勢                 66
   2.5   單片機主要系列                 67
      2.5.1   主要生產(chǎn)制造商及其特點                 67
      2.5.2   單片機的四個主要系列                 68
   習(xí)題                 70
第3章   MCS-51系列單片機結(jié)構(gòu)                 71
   3.1   MCS-51單片機的結(jié)構(gòu)和引腳                 71
      3.1.1   單片機的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)及功能部件                 71
      3.1.2   單片機外部引腳說明                 73
   3.2   中央處理器CPU                 75
      3.2.1   運算器                 75
      3.2.2   控制器及振蕩器                 76
      3.2.3   位(布爾)處理器                 77
   3.3   存儲器                 77
      3.3.1   存儲器的分類及存儲空間配置                 77
      3.3.2   內(nèi)部數(shù)據(jù)存儲器                 78
      3.3.3   外部數(shù)據(jù)存儲器                 83
      3.3.4   程序存儲器                 84
      3.3.5   Flash閃速存儲器的編程                 85
   3.4   并行輸入/輸出接口                 86
      3.4.1   I/O接口電路概述                 86
      3.4.2   P0口                 86
      3.4.3   P1口                 87
      3.4.4   P2口                 88
      3.4.5   P3口                 88
      3.4.6   I/O端口負載能力                 89
   3.5   I/O接口電路的作用與I/O接口的編址方式                 89
      3.5.1   I/O接口電路的作用                 90
      3.5.2   I/O接口的編址方式                 91
   3.6   CPU的時序與復(fù)位                 91
      3.6.1   時序的基本概念                 92
   A     3.6.2   CPU的時序                 93
      3.6.3   復(fù)位電路與復(fù)位狀態(tài)                 93
      3.6.4   掉電與節(jié)電方式                 94
   習(xí)題                 95
第4章   指令系統(tǒng)及匯編語言程序設(shè)計                 96
   4.1   程序設(shè)計概述                 96
      4.1.1   指令和程序設(shè)計語言                 96
      4.1.2   匯編概念                 98
   4.2   指令格式和尋址方式                 98
      4.2.1   指令格式                 98
      4.2.2   指令中常用符號                 100
      4.2.3   尋址方式                 100
   4.3   MCS-51單片機指令系統(tǒng)                 104
      4.3.1   數(shù)據(jù)傳送類指令                 104
      4.3.2   算術(shù)運算類指令                 113
      4.3.3   邏輯運算及移位類指令                 118
      4.3.4   控制轉(zhuǎn)移類指令                 121
      4.3.5   位操作指令                 128
   4.4   匯編語言程序設(shè)計                 132
      4.4.1   偽指令                 132
      4.4.2   匯編語言源程序格式                 135
      4.4.3   匯編語言程序的設(shè)計步驟與基本結(jié)構(gòu)                 136
      4.4.4   順序結(jié)構(gòu)程序設(shè)計                 139
      4.4.5   分支(選擇)結(jié)構(gòu)程序設(shè)計                 139
      4.4.6   循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)程序設(shè)計                 142
      4.4.7   常用子程序設(shè)計                 145
   4.5   匯編語言應(yīng)用程序的開發(fā)與調(diào)試                 150
      4.5.1   仿真開發(fā)系統(tǒng)簡介                 150
      4.5.2   程序的開發(fā)調(diào)試過程                 151
   習(xí)題                 152
第5章   中斷、定時/計數(shù)器與串行口                 155
   5.1   中斷                 155
      5.1.1   中斷系統(tǒng)概述                 155
      5.1.2   MCS-51單片機的中斷系統(tǒng)                 157
      5.1.3   中斷處理過程                 162
      5.1.4   中斷請求的撤除                 164
      5.1.5   中斷程序應(yīng)用舉例                 165
   5.2   定時/計數(shù)器                 167
      5.2.1   定時/計數(shù)器的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理                 168
      5.2.2   定時/計數(shù)器的控制與實現(xiàn)                 170
      5.2.3   定時/計數(shù)器的工作方式                 171
      5.2.4   定時/計數(shù)器的應(yīng)用舉例                 173
   5.3   串行接口                 176
      5.3.1   串行通信的基本概念                 177
      5.3.2   MCS-51串行口的結(jié)構(gòu)與工作原理                 179
      5.3.3   串行口控制寄存器                 181
      5.3.4   串行口的工作方式                 182
      5.3.5   MCS-51串口的波特率                 185
      5.3.6   MCS-51多機通信技術(shù)                 187
      5.3.7   串行口的應(yīng)用舉例                 188
   習(xí)題                 191
第6章   C51語言程序設(shè)計基礎(chǔ)                 193
   6.1   C51語言基礎(chǔ)                 193
      6.1.1   C51程序創(chuàng)建過程                 193
      6.1.2   存儲空間定義                 195
      6.1.3   C51數(shù)據(jù)類型                 196
      6.1.4   C51的常量                 197
      6.1.5   C51常用的運算符                 197
      6.1.6   C51的表達式                 199
      6.1.7   C51的基本語句                 200
   6.2   C51的函數(shù)和數(shù)組                 200
      6.2.1   函數(shù)的定義                 200
      6.2.2   數(shù)組的定義                 201
   6.3   C51的編程規(guī)范                 201
      6.3.1   注釋                 201
      6.3.2   命名                 201
      6.3.3   格式                 201
   6.4   C51的基本運用                 201
第7章   單片機系統(tǒng)的擴展                 209
   7.1   概述                 209
   7.2   系統(tǒng)總線擴展                 210
      7.2.1   系統(tǒng)總線擴展簡介                 210
      7.2.2   常用擴展器件介紹                 212
      7.2.3   編址技術(shù)                 213
   7.3   存儲器的擴展                 214
      7.3.1   存儲器擴展概述                 214
      7.3.2   存儲器擴展應(yīng)考慮的問題                 217
      7.3.3   程序存儲器的擴展                 217
      7.3.4   數(shù)據(jù)存儲器的擴展                 220
   7.4   I/O接口的擴展及應(yīng)用                 222
      7.4.1   I/O接口電路的作用                 222
      7.4.2   接口與端口                 223
      7.4.3   I/O的傳送方式                 224
      7.4.4   用TTL芯片擴展I/O口                 225
      7.4.5   用可編程芯片擴展I/O口                 226
   7.5   LED數(shù)碼顯示器接口                 233
      7.5.1   LED數(shù)碼顯示器的結(jié)構(gòu)與連接方式                 233
      7.5.2   LED數(shù)碼顯示器的接口電路與顯示方法                 235
      7.5.3   LED數(shù)碼顯示器應(yīng)用舉例                 238
   7.6   鍵盤接口                 243
      7.6.1   鍵盤接口的工作原理                 243
      7.6.2   鍵盤接口電路                 244
      7.6.3   鍵盤掃描程序                 248
      7.6.4   鍵盤接口設(shè)計實例                 248
   7.7   A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器                 258
      7.7.1   A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器原理及性能指標(biāo)                 258
      7.7.2   典型A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器芯片ADC0809簡介                 261
      7.7.3   MCS-51單片機與ADC0809接口                 263
      7.7.4   A/D轉(zhuǎn)換應(yīng)用舉例                 266
      7.7.5   串行A/D轉(zhuǎn)換接口芯片TLC2543                 266
   7.8   D/A轉(zhuǎn)換器                 270
      7.8.1   D/A轉(zhuǎn)換器的原理及性能指標(biāo)                 270
      7.8.2   典型D/A轉(zhuǎn)換器芯片DAC0832介紹                 272
      7.8.3   MCS-51單片機與DAC0832接口                 273
      7.8.4   串行D/A轉(zhuǎn)換接口芯片TLC5615                 277
   習(xí)題                 279
第8章   基于MCS-51的典型串行總線設(shè)計                 280
   8.1   概述                 280
   8.2   RS-485總線                 280
      8.2.1   RS-485電氣特性                 281
      8.2.2   RS-485總線節(jié)點數(shù)和通信方式                 282
      8.2.3   RS-485總線收發(fā)器與單片機接口電路的設(shè)計                 283
      8.2.4   基于單片機節(jié)點的RS-485總線的工作原理                 285
   8.3   SPI總線                 293
      8.3.1   SPI總線的工作原理                 293
      8.3.2   SPI總線的通信時序                 294
      8.3.3   硬件電路設(shè)計                 295
      8.3.4   軟件程序設(shè)計                 298
   8.4   I2C總線                 299
      8.4.1   I2C總線的工作原理                 299
      8.4.2   I2C總線的通信時序                 302
      8.4.3   硬件電路設(shè)計                 303
      8.4.4   軟件程序設(shè)計                 303
   習(xí)題                 308
第9章   單片機應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與應(yīng)用實例                 309
   9.1   應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)設(shè)計原則                 309
   9.2   應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)設(shè)計流程                 310
      9.2.1   總體設(shè)計                 310
      9.2.2   硬件電路設(shè)計                 311
      9.2.3   印刷電路板設(shè)計                 312
      9.2.4   軟件程序設(shè)計                 312
      9.2.5   調(diào)試、運行與維護                 313
   9.3   應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)的可靠性及抗干擾設(shè)計                 313
      9.3.1   干擾來源                 314
      9.3.2   電源系統(tǒng)抗干擾設(shè)計                 314
      9.3.3   地線干擾及抑制                 315
      9.3.4   其它提高系統(tǒng)可靠性的方法                 316
   9.4   應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)實例1——溫度時間測量與顯示系統(tǒng)                 316
      9.4.1   系統(tǒng)的功能分析                 317
      9.4.2   系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計方案                 317
      9.4.3   系統(tǒng)硬件電路的設(shè)計                 317
      9.4.4   控制過程的軟件程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)                 328
   9.5   應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)實例2——太陽能電池板追蹤系統(tǒng)                 337
      9.5.1   系統(tǒng)的功能分析                 337
      9.5.2   系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計方案                 338
      9.5.3   系統(tǒng)硬件電路的設(shè)計                 338
      9.5.4   系統(tǒng)控制過程的軟件設(shè)計                 342
   9.6   應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)實例3——基于GSM網(wǎng)絡(luò)的遠程遙測系統(tǒng)設(shè)計                 348
      9.6.1   系統(tǒng)功能需求分析                 348
      9.6.2   系統(tǒng)方案設(shè)計                 349
      9.6.3   系統(tǒng)硬件電路設(shè)計                 349
      9.6.4   基于GSM網(wǎng)絡(luò)的遠程遙測系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計                 363
附錄                 386
   附錄Ⅰ   ASCII碼表                 386
   附錄Ⅱ   ASCII碼符號說明                 387
   附錄Ⅲ   MCS-89C51系列單片機指令表                 387
參考文獻                 391