研究生英語(yǔ)科技論文寫(xiě)作

hapter 1 - Introduction 1
1.1 What Do We Need the Most? 2
1.2 How Best to Use This Book 6
1.3 Exercises 7
Chapter 2 - Review of Basic Writing Skills 11
2.1 Grammar Usage 12
2.i.1 Subjects and Nouns and Their Verbs 1.2
2.1.2 Article Adjectives 13
2.1.3 Prepositions 15
2.1.4 Conjunctions and Connectives 18
2.1.5 Noun and Verb Modifiers 19
2.1.5.1 Adjectives 19
2.1.5.2 Adverbs 21
2.2 Punctuation 22
2.2.1 The Comma (,) and Semicolon (;) 22
2.2.2 The colon (:) 23
2.2.3 The Exclamation Mark (!) 23
2.2.4 The Question Mark (?) 24
2.2.5 Quotation Marks ( "..." ) 24
2.2.6 The Dash (-) 24
2.3 Capitalization 25
2.4 Word Selection and Usage 26
2.5 Exercises 27
2.6 References (English Writing Texts and Workbooks) 30
Chapter 3 - Sentences 33
3.1 Basic Sentence Structure 35
3.1.1 Sentence Building 35
3.1.2 Sentence Qualities 36
3.1.2.1 Conciseness 36
3.1.2.2 Content Emphasis 37
3.1.2.3 Balance 38
3.1.2.4 Parallelism 38
3.1.2.5 Clarity 39
3.1.3 Tense Changes 40
3.2 Exercises 41
3.3 References 46
Chapter 4 - Paragraphs 47
4.1 Properties of Paragraphs 48
4.1.1 Unity 48
4.1.2 Conciseness 50
4.1.3 Organization 52
4.2 Composition Styles 54
4.2.1 Narrative 55
4.2.2 Expository 55
4.2.3 Argumentation 56
4.2.4 Descriptive 57
4.3 Methods of Development 58
4.3.1 Development by Time (Chronology) 58
4.3.2 Development by Space 59
4.3.3 Development by Process 59
4.3.4 Development by Comparison and Contrast 60
4.4 Exercises 68
4.5 References 63
Chapter 5 -.The Technical Research Paper 65
5.1 Writing Styles for Technical Subjects 66
5.2 Methods for Presenting Data 68
5.2.1 Photographs 68
5.2.2 Drawings (Graphs, Maps, Diagrams) 69
5.2.3 Tables 73
5.2.4 Equations 75
5.3 Exercises77
5.4 References 80
Chapter 6-Section Development 81
6.1 Development Scheme 82
6.2 Introduction and Previous Work 84
6.3 Field and Experimental Methods 86
6.4 Data Analysis 89
6.5 Results 91
6.6 Discussion 93
6.7 Conclusions 96
6.8 Credits to Others 98
6.8.1 Acknowledgements 98
6.8.2 References 100
6.8.2.1 Professionalism 100
6.8.2.2 Reference Styles 102
6.9 Abstract (Including Title and Authorship) 103
6.9.1 Title and Authorship 104
6.9.2 Abstract Content 105
6.10 Exercises 109
6.11 References 117
Chapter 7-Special Precautions 119
7.1 Timing 120
7.1.1 Prior Work 120
7.1.2 Promptness in Publication 122
7.1.3. Peer Review and Revision 123
7.1.4 Continued Research and Publication 127
7.2 Professional Ethics 128
7.3 The Reply and Rebuttal 129
7.4 Conference Presentation 133
7.5 Exercises 134
7.6 References 137
Chapter 8 - Publication 139
8.1 Selection of the Publication Outlet 140
8.1.1 Length 140
8.1.2 Technical Level 141
8.1.3 Topic 142
8.2 The Referee Process——Perseverance in Publication 143
8.3 Costs of Publishing a Paper 145
8.4 Copyright and Proprietary Requirements 145
8.5 Exercises 146
8.6 References 147
Chapter 9 - Abstract Study and Language Translation 149
9.1 Translation Examples 151
9.2 English Publication Examples with Suggestions onTranslation 157
9.3 Exercises 163
Appendix I-Solutions to Odd-Numbered Exercises 167
Appendix II-Commonly Used Scientific and Engineering Units 182
Appendix Ill-Editors Marks and Codes 183
Appendix IV-A Glossary of Semi -Technical Terms Used in This Book 184
Appendix V-List of Text Examples and Exercises 193